Dyeing apparatus



Jan. 28, 1930. v. BOHM -1,744,741

DYEING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 5, 1926 Patented Jan. 28, 1930 UNITED STATES VIKTOR 3611M, 0F VIENNA, AUSTRIA DYEING APPARATUS Application filed August 3, 1926, Serial No. 128,784, and in Austria May 7, 1926.

The known dyeing devices for hat bodies with perforated moulds for stretching the bodies have the disadvantage that difficulties are involved in operating and attending to the said apparatus. According to the invention this disadvantage is removed owing to the fact that the cone serving for the stretching of the hat bodies forms the bottom of a removable bell-shaped container through which the liquor introduced into the bell-shaped container flows away, so that by removing the bell-shaped container the cone is released or uncovered and is readily accessible.

Dyeing apparatus according to the invention is preferably composed of three parts releasably connected with one another, namely a cup containing the liquor inlet and outlet, with which on the one hand the cone serving for the stretching of the hat bodies and on the other hand the bell-shaped container are releasably connected, the said container being removable for the purpose of setting free the cone and the cone being exchangeable for the purpose of enabling the apparatus to be employed for hat bodies of different sizes or of different shapes.

Dyeing apparatus according to the invention consisting of a plurality of stretching cones is distinguished from known apparatus 0 of a similar type by the fact that each cone is provided with a removable bell of its own and that all the bells are connected through the medium of a distributor containing the liquor inlet. The connection of the bells .to the distributor is preferably so arranged as to be removable and to be capable of disconnection, so that individual containers can be cut out as required and the apparatus operated with allthe individual devices or only with some of them or with one only according to requirements. By this means the power required from the pumps can be reduced to correspond to current needs, which is a substantial advantage.

The apparatus according to the invention is so constructed that all the individual devices are connected through the medium of the pump and of the distributor connected to their pressure pipe with a common dye .vat free from pressure, into which each individual device has its own discharge.

This on the one hand enables work to be carried on with a variable amount of liquor, that is to say with a dye vat in which the level of the liquid is of any desired height, according to the number of individual devices in operation at the same time or according to the charging of the individual devices, and on the other hand the result is thereby obtained that it is possible to heat the liquor without pressure, that is to say with direct or indirect steam and at the same time to avoid overheating it. l/Vorking is even rendered possible with such a low level of the liquor in the liquor container that the suction pipe of the pump can only just still draw in liquor by suction. By this means it is already rendered possible to put in small quantities of liquor if only a small number of hat bodies are to be dyed.

In known dyeing apparatus for hat bodies with perforated moulds for stretching the bodies, there is also the disadvantage that the liquor can penetrate between the mould, and the first body lying directly thereon and escape from the mould through the holes provided at the edge of the mould, as a result of which this part of the liquor is wasted so far as the dyeing is concerned and parts of the hat bodies are partly excluded from the circulation of the liquor. This has the disadvantage, for example in dyeing apparatus in which the cone serving for the stretching of the bodies stands with its apex upwards, that the bodies are less thoroughly dyed at the apex than at the edge, so that the crown is more brightly coloured than the rim; and furthermore the disadvantage that the rims of the hat bodies are not dyed thoroughly, that is to say they are not dyed uniformly outside and inside. With such dyeing apparatus therefore uniform dyeing of the hat bodies cannot be obtained. By omitting the perforation at that part of the mould which is in the neighbourhood of the rims of the hat bodies, that is to say by constructing the stretching mould in such a manner that it is not perforated in that part on which the rim of the hat body rests, this disadvantage cannot of course be obviated, for then there arises the disadvantage that the rim part of the hat body is unequally dyed inside and outside to a very marked degree, and besides this the danger exists in a very marked degree that the rim parts of the bodies will be bent over, as aresult of which creasing and inequalities would be produced.

Owing to the construction of the stretching mould according to the invention there is accordingly a saving in the work required for drivin the pump part of which would otherwise be wasted in consequence ofthe liquor escaping'unused in the neighbourhood of the rim, and besides this the conditions for a uniform dyeing through of the hot bodies are provided.

Fig. 1 is an embodiment of the invention in sectional elevation. v I

Fig. 2 shows a development of the cone serving for the stretching of the'hat bodies.

Fig. 3 is a plan view showing the arrangement of dyem chambers according to the invention, circu ating pump, dye vat and distributor.

Fig. 4 shows the arrangement in front elevation.

The dyeing apparatus illustrated in the drawing consists of three parts, namely a perforated cone 1 for the stretching of the hat bodies a, a bell 2 and a cup 3, which is provided with a dye inlet 4 and with a dye outlet 5. Both the cone 1 and the hell 2 are releasably connected with the cup 3. The

connecting of the bell 2 with the cup 3 is produced through the medium of joint screws 6 supported on the'cup, which engage in slots in the bell, so that the connection between the bell and the cup can easily be released. The bell 2 is suspended by means of lugs 7 to lifting tackle, such for example as a set of pulle blocks, so that the bell "can be lifted o the cup by pulling it upwards. By removing or raising the bell therefore the cone 1 can be completely set free, so that the hat bodies a can be easily stretched and removed. The cone 1 forms the perforated bottom of the bell 2 so that the liquor can flow away through the cone 1. The connectin of the cone 1 to the cup 3 is produced throug the medium of screws, so that the cone canbe easily exchanged. In order to enable one and the same bell to be employed for cones 1 of different sizes and shapes, the bell 2 is made of such a size that it can be fitted to the largest and highest of the cone molds 1 that will be required.

The 1i uor outlet 5 opens into a special dye vat 8 i 3) arranged at a low level, in which t e uor flows away by falling freely and to whic a circulating pump 9 is connected by its suction pipe. The circulating pump forces the liquor through the liquor inlet 4 into the bell 2, the entrance of the liquor into the bell 2, in the constructional example shown inthe drawing, taking place in a tangential direction, so that the liquor can rise towards the top while rotating and can pass through the hat bodies a to the outlet 5. The dyeing liquor is thereby sub- ]ecte'd to continuous circulation through the bell 2 exposed to the pressure of the liquor and through the dye vat 8 which is free from pressure. Owing to the production of the circulation through a dye container which is free from pressure it is made possible to ,warm the liquor in the dye vessel without pressure with direct or indirect steam and thereby to obviate the danger of superheav ing the dye liquor.

At the highest part of the bell 2 is provided a ventilation aperture 10 through which the air can escape. A small tube 11 pieces of apparatus such as those shown in Fig. -1 to form a single piece of apparatus, such as that illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 3. In this case the pressure pipe of the pump is connected to a distributor 12, to which the bells 2 of the individual devices are connected. This connection is preferably so made that the individual pieces of apparatus can be shut off from the dis tributor 12, this being done either by simply unflanging or by special shut-oil members. This renders it possible to work either with only a few or with a number of individual pieces of apparatus as required and thereby to diminish to a corresponding extent the work required of the pump. For such dyeing apparatus composed of a plurality of separate devices a common dye vat 8 has the great advantage that work can be carried on with different quantities of dye according to requirements. The dyeing can therefore proceed even with quite a low level of liquid in the vat if for example only one of the individual pieces of apparatus is to be set.

in operation.

The cone 1 serving for the stretching of the hat bodies is more sparsely perforated in the region of the rims of the hats than in the region of the crowns. As shown in Fig. 2 in a development of the cone the holes lie on generating lines of the cone, as a result of which the distances between the holes are.

smaller at the apex than at the margin. Besides this the holes are arranged at distances from one another which increase with the distance from the apex, preferably on parallel circles the distances of which from one another increase from the apex towards the margin. By the reduction in the number of holes towards the margin, a greater resistance is opposed to the passage of the liquor at the marginal part than at the apex and thereby the quantity of liquor escaping unused through the cone 1 at the marginal part is diminished. By this means on the one hand there is a saving in power, since, in consequence of the reduction in the quantity of dye which is lost so far as the dyeing is concerned, less dye per unit of time has to be passed through the apparatus, and onthe other hand more uniform dyeing is made possible owing to the fact that a stronger dyeing of the margin of the hat than of the crown of the hat is prevented.

The'action may be still further promoted by making the holes of different sizes, preferably by making them smaller at the margin than at the apex.

Also to enhance the effect still further, by preventing a loosening of the superposed hat bodies, use is made according to the invention of a frame 13 consisting of a ring of material', such as phosphor bronze, which is capable of D resisting the dye, which is stretched over the hat bodies and is held down by means of tie rods 14 or the like. These rods 14 are pivotally secured in the dye vessel, preferably being suspended by means of a releasable joint, such for example as a hook and eyelet connection 15 and are provided at r difi'erent levels with connecting points for the ring, such-as holes 16 for example, in which the ring, which may be equipped with eyelets 17 for example, is capable of being locked by means of a bolt or the like passing through the holes and the eyelets, the making of the connection with the ring being facilitated by the flexibility of the rods.

The ring can therefore produce a firm pressing together of the hat bodies, in which case it is held down b the locking member and prevents the hat bodies from becoming loosened under the pressure of the liquor.

What I claim is:

1. Dyeing apparatus with perforated moulds for the stretching of the hat bodies, characterized by the feature that the hat bodies are pressed against one another and against the stretching mould by means of a ring, which is capable of being fixed at difierent heights.

2. Dyeing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the feature that the fixing of the ring is effected by means of tension rods, which are provided at intervals with connecting points for the rin 3. Dyeing apparatus provided with a dye vessel and with perforated moulds for the stretching of hat bodies, characterized by the features that, the hat bodies are pressed against one another and against the stretching mould by means of a ring which is capable my name.

of being fixed at different heights by means of tension rods, which are provided at intervals with connecting points for the ring and said container, in combination with means 7 for securing the bell tosald contamer whereby, when saidbell is removed, the bottom is entirely laid open for the stretching-on and taking-off of the hat bodies, said bottom being provided with an inlet and an outlet for the dyeing liquor, a perforated mould for ready exchange releasably attached to said bottom, and a bell detachably connected with the bottom. y

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed VIKTOR 'BoHM. 

